The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times late to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.